I am contemplating some hypothetical difficulties in the synthesis of 2,5-dibromohexane from 1,5-hexadiene. I am aware that this is a simple reaction that can be achieved in many ways but I would like to accomplish it in such a way that a messy separation is minimally necessary, be it via selective chemical extraction, column chromatography, or fractional distillation. The main unwanted side-products in this synthesis would be the mixed-Markovnikov product and the full anti-Markovnikov product. My first option is simple bromination with (aq) HBr and an appropriate phase transfer catalyst or a similar reaction involving hydrogen bromide gas. My second option is oxymercuration-demurcuration yielding hexane-2,5-diol which can then be subjected to a high yielding and selective bromination with PBr3. The third option is acid catalyzed hydration to the diol with H2SO4 and water followed by bromination with PBr3.
I would prefer not to use hydrogen bromide gas or mercuric acetate (which will require recycling of the metallic mercury liberated during demercuration) and so I lean toward acid catalyzed hydration. Would anyone with practical experience using the above methods enlighten me regarding their relative regioselectivity for the Markovnikov product? I believe it would be something like this: oxymercuration-demurcuration>acid catalyzed hydration>HBr addition.
I would prefer not to use hydrogen bromide gas or mercuric acetate (which will require recycling of the metallic mercury liberated during demercuration) and so I lean toward acid catalyzed hydration. Would anyone with practical experience using the above methods enlighten me regarding their relative regioselectivity for the Markovnikov product? I believe it would be something like this: oxymercuration-demurcuration>acid catalyzed hydration>HBr addition.
7 comments:
H2SO4 and water is one of the three I suggested, acid catalyzed hydration. Tosylation is unnecessary as 2ยบ alcohols are converted to a suitable SN2 leaving group by PBr3 (an intermediate phosphorus-oxygen bond forms inferring a positive charge to the alcohol and allowing for nucleophilic substitution by bromide in solution) so the conversion of an alcohol to an alkyl-bromide can take place in a single step.
Cleave 1,2-dimethyl-cyclobut-1-ene with ozone to get the diketone, reduce the carbonyl to hydroxyl, substitute hydroxyl to bromine using tosylate, or maybe there's a quicker way to get a carbonyl to bromide, just not thinking of it at 2am, just got in from photographing the tail end of a punk rock show...
Btw, the 1,2 dimetylcarboxylate-cyclobut-1-ene is a common starting material... And streamfortyseven is Hudson Luce...
I already have 1,5-hexadiene to work with. One reason I have chosen that as the precursor as opposed to the diol, which is also available, is the extremely low cost. Conversely 1,2-dimethyl-cyclobut-1-ene is not commercially available. Ozonolysis of an unavailable (or expensive) material to yield ketones that will require reduction before bromination makes for a expensive and time consuming four step synthesis!
EDIT: Hudson I see that you were referring to the carboxylate, but I don't see it offered anywhere. Also do you have practical experience with ozonolysis? I don't know anyone that has actually done it.
Just buy the stuff, you get a mixture of erythroa and threo diastereomers, but you'll end up with that any way. Five grams costs $40: https://us.vwr.com/store/catalog/product.jsp?product_id=7989081
Hello Mr. Morris. Love your work, brother. Wishing you many positive 'trips' for the future. Keep exploring those mystical frontiers.
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